LoadRunner Is A Software Testing Tool From Micro Focus. It Is Used To Test Applications, Measuring System Behaviour And Performance Under Load.
1.What is load testing?
Load testing is to test that if the application works well with the loads from large number of simultaneoususers and transactions. It also used to determine whether it can handle peak usage periods.
2.What is load runner?
Load Runner is a performance testing tool from HP. This tool supports all aspects such as Load, Stress,Endurance, data volume and spike Testing.
3.What are all the components of LoadRunner?
Following are the components of LoadRunner
4.What Component of LoadRunner is used to record a script?
The Virtual User Generator (VuGen) component is used to record a script and it enables you to develop Vuserscripts for a variety of application types and communication protocols.
5.What is a rendezvous point?
Rendezvous points are introduced into Vuser scripts to simulate more users on the server. Rendezvous pointsinstruct Vusers to wait during test execution in order to perform the tasks simultaneously.
For example, in a banking application, Rendezvous points are inserted for 100+ multiple users to depositmoney simultaneously.
6.What is a scenario?
A scenario is nothing but an event that occurs for each testing session.
For example, a scenario defines
Number of users
Action to be performed
7.How can we debug a LoadRunner script?
VuGen contains two options to debug Vuser scripts
We can also manually set the message class within your script using the lr_set_debug_message function.
8.How can we perform functional testing under load?
Functionality under load can be tested by running several Vusers concurrently. By increasing the Vusers, itis necessary to determine how much load the server can sustain.
9.What is the relationship between Response Time and Throughput?
The Throughput shows the amount of data in bytes that the Vusers received from the server in a second.When It is compared with transaction response time, throughput and response time get decreased. Thepeak throughput and highest response time would occur approximately at the same time.
10.What does vuser_init and vuser_end action contain?
Vuser_init action contains procedures to login to a server and Vuser_end section contains log offprocedures.
11.What is the difference between standard log and extended log?
The standard log sends a subset of functions and messages to the output log and subset of functionsdepends on the Vuser type.
Extended log sends a detailed script execution messages to the output log. It is mainly used duringdebugging when user needs information about Parameter substitution.
12.What are all the types of Goals in Goal-Oriented Scenario of Load Runner?
Load Runner provides you with five different types of goals:
Number of concurrent Vusers
Number of hits per second
Number of transactions per second
Number of pages per minute
Transaction response time
13.What is a function to capture dynamic values in the web vuser script?
Web_reg_save_param is the function that saves dynamic data information to a parameter.
14.What are the Load Runner testing process?
Following are the testing process in LoadRunner:
Plan load test
Create Vuser Scripts
Define Scenario
Run Scenario
Analyze results
15.What is remote command launcher?
The remote command launcher enables the controller to start applications in the host machine.
16.How can we develop the database vuser script?
Vuser scripts can be developed either by recording with the load vuser script generator or by using Loadrunner vuser script template.
17.How do you load a load runner Agent?
While running the scenario, loadrunner controller instructs the remote agent dispatcher to launchloadrunner agent. The controller instructs the loadrunner agent to initialize, run, pause and stop the vusers.
18.What is the difference between hits/second and requests/second?
Hits per second means the number of hits the server receives in one second from the vuser.
Request per second is the number of request the vuser will request from the server.
19.What are the advantages of load runner?
Following are the advantages of Load Runner:
20.What is the vuser in the scenario?
The vuser is the virtual users who can simulate the real users. The virtual users who take the place of realusers’s operating client software, such as IE sending requests using the HTTP protocol to IIS or Apacheweb servers.
21.How do we write a user defined function in LoadRunner?
Use should create the external library that contains the function. This library must then be added to the bindirectory of VuGen. And then, the user-defined function can be assigned as a parameter.
22.What are the changes that can be made to run-time settings?
There are four run-time settings that can be made:
23.How can we find database related issues?
Monitors and the Data Resource Graph can be used to find database related issues. LoadRunner allow thetester to specify the resource that needs to be measured before the controller is run.
24.How many types of graphs are available in LoadRunner?
There are 5 types of graphs:
percentile
25.How can performance bottlenecks can be identified?
Monitors can be used to detect performance bottlenecks. These include network, web server, applicationserver, and database server monitors.
These monitors can be used to locate trouble spots in scenarios that cause increase in response time andthroughput, network delays, performance response time, hits/second, etc.
26.What is ramp up and how it can be set?
Ramp up is gradually increasing the load on a server and can be simulated by gradually increasing thenumber of Vusers. This feature can be found in the Scenario Scheduling Options.
27.How correlation can be performed?
Correlation can be performed in two ways:
28.Where are automatic correlation options set?
The automatic correlation is set in recording options area on the correlation tab. Correlation can be enabledfor the full script and rules for correlation can be defined.
Automatic correlation can be performed on a database by viewing the output window, scanning forcorrelation, and selecting the value that will be used.
29.What is the benefit of running a Vuser script as a thread?
The advantage of running a Vuser script as a thread which allows more Vusers to be used for one loadgenerator. Running Vuser scripts as processes utilizes a lot of memory because all of the loaded scripts usethe same driver.
This limits the number of Vuser scripts that can be run on one generator.
30.What is the difference between Overlay graph and Correlate graph?
Overlay Graph:
Overlay graph has one X axis and 2 Y-axis. Left Y-axis on the merged graph shows the current graph’svalue & Right Y-axis show the value of Y-axis of the graph that was merged.
Correlate Graph:
There are two graphs and the active graph’s Y-axis becomes X-axis of merged graph. Y-axis of the graphthat was merged becomes merged graph’s Y-axis.
31.What are the three sections of a Vuser script and what is the purpose of each one?
Following are the three sections of Vuser script and they are as follows:
32.What are the four selection methods when choosing data from a data file?
Following are the four selection methods:
33.What should be done to view parameter substitution in the Execution Log?
Parameter substitution can be viewed in the extended log in the Run time settings.
34.What tools are required to analyze Vuser run results?
Following tools are required to analyze Vuser run results:
Execution Log
Run-Time Viewer and
Mercury Test Results window
35.What are all the reasons to use the Server Resources Monitor?
Server resources monitor is used to find how much data is coming from Cache and helps to find out whatare all the parts of the system have bottlenecks.
36.What is the purpose of selecting 'Show browser' during replay in the General Options settings?
'Show Browse'’ setting is used to see the pages that appear during playback. This is useful for debuggingVuser during the initial stages of Web Vuser creation.
37.For what purpose, User will be using continue on error?
Continue on should be set only when making Execution Logs more descriptive or adding logic to theVuser.
38.What is the purpose of a LoadRunner transaction?
The purpose of a Load Runner transaction is to measure one or more steps/user actions of a businessprocess.
39.Why do you create parameters?
Parameters are like script variables and they are used to vary input to the server to emulate real users.
40.What is lr_output_message?
The lr_output_message is a function that sends notifications to the Controller Output window and to theVuser log file.
41.In a Web server, Database and Network are all working fine and now, Where could be the problem?
The problem could be in the system itself or in the application server or in the code written for theapplication.
42.What is VuGen Recording and Scripting?
LoadRunner script code is obtained by recording in the ANSI C language syntax and it can be viewed inthe script view.
43.What is Performance testing in LoadRunner?
Performance testing can be done by calculating the timing for both read and update transactions and checkwhether system functions are being performed in an acceptable timeframe. In a multi user environment, itis necessary to determine the effect of multiple transactions on the timing of a single transaction.
44.What is the Configuration of systems when using Load Runner?
The configuration of systems refers to that of the client machines in which we will run Vusers. Theconfiguration of client machine includes its hardware settings, memory, operating system, softwareapplications, development tools, etc.
This system component configuration should match with the overall system configuration so as to achievethe load testing objectives.
45.What is the use lr_abort function?
The lr_abort function is used to abort the execution of a Vuser script. It instructs the Vuser to stopexecuting the Actions section, execute the vuser_end section and end the execution.
46.What is think time?
Think time is the time where a real user waits between actions.
When a user receives data from a server or other applications, the user may wait several seconds to reviewthe data before responding. This time delay is called as think time.
47.How Load Runner interacts with the application?
Protocol is used in Load Runner to interact with the application.
48.What is the latest version and language used in Load Runner?
As of 20-Feb-2013 Load Runner 11.5 is the latest version and VUser script is used like a C Language.
Following languages are supported by LoadRunner:
1. C Language
2. Visual Basic Scripting
3. Visual Basic For Applications
4. Java Scripting
49.What are all the important protocols that Load Runner supports?
Following are the protocols that Load Runner can support are:
50.Which components have you used in Loadrunner ?
51.What is load runner Agent.
Agent is interface between host machine and controller
52.What kind of problem we can face regarding hardware, software, network and memory during the performance test?
The possible issues amongst others could be -
1. Lack of Hardware
2. Memory Leakage
3. Network related issues.
4. Application/Software error