QTP supports the following environments

• Active X
• Delphi
• Java
• .NET
• Oracle
• People Soft
• Power Builder
• SAP
• Siebel
• Stingray
• Terminal Emulator
• Visual Basic
• Visual Age
• Web
• Web Services

QTP Supports 2 types of Object Repository

1) Shared Object Repository (also called Global)

2) Per-Action Object Repository, (also called Local)

Per-Action Object Repository is used by default. The extension for Per-Action repository is ".mtr" .

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Shared Object Repository is preferable while dealing with dynamic objects which are called in multiple
The extension is ".tsr"

Yes. You can call 4 or even more scripts in your tests. For this, first you will need to make the Actions
corresponding scripts re-usable. Then from the destination script you can make calls to these re-usable

Action split is to divide an existing action into two parts. The purpose is to divide actions based on their
functionality to improve code re-use.

Foremost you will select Java Add - In and launch QTP. Next step record operations on the Java Tree. an
issue while recording, you can select Tools > Object Identification > Java, tree object and make changes
mandatory and assistive properties to enable identification.

QTP identifies any GUI Object based on its corresponding properties. While recording, QTP will identify
store peculiar properties (as defined in the Object Identification settings) in the object repository of object .
At run-time, QTP will compare the stored property values with the on-screen properties, to identify the
GUI object.

QTP supports 3 types of recording modes

1. Normal mode also called Contextual

2. Low-level recording mode

3.Analog mode

Normal Mode: It is the default recording mode and takes full advantage of QTP's Test Object Model.
recognizes objects regardless of their position on -screen. This is the preferred mode of recoding and for
most of the automation activities.

Low-level recording mode: This mode records the exact x,y co-ordinates of your mouse operations. in
testing hashmaps. It is useful for recording objects not identified by normal mode of QTP.

Analog mode: This mode records exact mouse and keyboard "movements" you perform in relation screen /
application window. This mode is useful for the operation such as drawing a picture, recording signature.,
drag and drop operations.

We can call an action in 2 ways

1) Call to copy of Action. - In this ,the Action Object Repository , Script and Datable will be copied to
destination Test Script.

2) Call to Existing Action. - In this, Object Repository , Script and Datable will NOT be copied but a call

(reference) would be made to the Action in the source script.

Your application may contain objects that behave like standard objects but are not recognized by QTP.
define these objects as virtual objects and map them to standard classes, such as a button or a check
emulates the user's action on the virtual object during the run session. In the test results, the virtual
displayed as though it is a standard class object.

You will need to create separate Actions which take care of different OS and Browsers

Cross Platform Testing:

Using the Built in Environment Variable you can dig up the OS information.

Eg. Platform = Environment("OS"). Then based on the Platform you need to call the actions which you on
that particular platform.

Cross Browser Testing:

Using this code Eg. Browser("Core Values").GetROProperty("version") you can extract the Browser
corresponding version. Ex: Internet Explorer 6 or Netscape 5. Based on this value you call the actions
relevant to that browser.

Logical name is a name given by QTP while creating an object in the repository to uniquely identify other
objects in the application. This name would be used by the QTP to map the object name in script
corresponding description in the object repository. Ex: Browser("Browser").Page("Guru99") Here Guru99
logical name of the object.

Typically ,an object and its properties must be recorded in the Object Repository to enable QTP to perform
action s on it.

Using descriptive programming , you do not store the object and its property values in the Object
repository but mention the property value pair directly in the script.

The idea behind descriptive programming is not bypass the object repository but help recognize dynamic
objects.

You can use the name property

ex: Browser("name:="xxx"").page("name:="xxxx"").....

Yes .you can record remote application provided you are accessing application through the local browser
via remoter like citrix. If you are still unable to record it is advisable install QTP and application, on the
same machine

Creates and returns a reference to an Automation object

SYNTAX: CreateObject(servername.typename [, location])

Arguments

servername: Required. The name of the application providing the object.

typename : Required. The type or class of the object to create.

location : Optional. The name of the network server where the object is to be created.

Yes .We can switch. Go to Test--->Settings--->Resources. Here you have an option to choose repositories.

Object Spy helps in determining the run & test time object properties & methods of the application You
can access object spy directly from the toolbar or from the Object Repository Dialog Box. It is very useful
during Descriptive Programming

Consider the following -

a) If two objects are overlapped on each other than location based object recognition will fail.

b) If only index based recognition is used your script will work but script execution time will increase. Hence
mandatory and assistive properties are used.

Code file extension is script.mts

QTP Automation Object model deals with Automation of QTP itself. Almost all configuration and
functionality provided by QTP is represented by QTP's Automation Object Model . Almost all dialog
boxes in QTP corresponding automation object which can set or retrieved using the corresponding
properties or the Automation Object Model.QTP Automation Objects can be used along with standard VB
programming elements like iterative loops or conditional statements to help you design a script of choice.

Text Output values enable you to capture text appearing on the application under test during run-time.

If parameterized, text output values will capture values appearing in each iteration which would be the
run-time data table for further analysis.

Step Generator enables use to Add Test Steps in your script. Using step generator you can add steps script
without actually recording it.

You can use ordinal identifiers like index along with a little descriptive programming for object
recognition

Test Fusion Report , displays all aspects of a test run and is organized in a Tree format.

It gives details of each step executed for all iterations.

It also gives Run-time data table, Screen shots and movie of the test run if opted.

In QTP Exceptional handling is done by using

a. Recovery Scenarios.

b. Using “On Error” statement

In Recovery scenario you have to define.

1. Triggered Events.

2. Recovery steps.

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3. Post Recovery Test-Run.

At Script Level you can use the On Error Resume Next and On Error Go to 0 statement.

Environment variables in QTP are of three types:

1) Built-in (Read only)

2) User-defined Internal (Read only)

3) User-defined External (Read/Write)

You Set the Environment Variable using the following syntax

Environment.Value( "name") = “XXXX"

You can Retrieve the Environment Variable using following syntax

Environment.Value("name") -- This will return name as XXXX

Environment.Value("OS") -- This will return your system OS

Bitmap checkpoint does a pixel to pixel comparison of an image or part of an image.

Image checkpoint does do a pixel to pixel comparison but instead compare image properties like alt
destination url etc.

Actions have their own Object Repository & Data Table. Actions help make your Test modular and
increase reuse. Example: You can divide your script into Actions based on functionality like Login, Logout
etc.

Functions is a VB Script programming concept and do not have their own Object Repository or Data
Functions help in re-use of your code. Ex: You can create a Function in your script to concatenate

Keyword View is an icon based view which shows test steps in tabular format. It also automatically
documentation for the test steps.

Expert View gives the corresponding VB Script statement for every test step in the Keyword view.

Quick Test testing process consists of 6 main phases:

1) Create your test plan - This is preparatory phase where you identify the exact test steps, test data expected
results for you automated test. You also identify the environment and system configurations to create and
run your QTP Tests.

2) Recording a session on your application - During this phase , you will execute test steps one by one AUT
,and QTP will automatically record corresponding VB script statements for each step performed.

3) Enhancing your test - In this stage you will insert checkpoints , output values , parameterization ,
programming logic like if…else loops to enhance the logic of your test script

4) Replay & Debug - After enhancements you will replay the script to check whether its working properly
debug if necessary.

5) Run your Tests - In this phase you will perform the actual execution of your Test Script.

6) Analyzing the test results - Once test run is complete, you will analyze the results in the Test Fusion
generated.

7) Reporting defects - Any incidents identified needs to be reported. If you are using Quality Center can be
automatically raised for failed tests in QTP.

The types of Automation Frameworks are -

1) Linear Scripting - Record & Playback

2) The Test Library Architecture Framework.

3)The Data-Driven Testing Framework.

4)The Keyword-Driven or Table-Driven Testing Framework.

You can use the Page Checkpoint which gives a count of valid/invalid links on a page.

Data like parameterized output , checkpoint values , output values are stored in the Run-time Table. file
which is stored in the Test Results Folder. It can also be accessed in the Test Fusion Report.

Check point is a verification point that compares a current value for a specified property with the expected
value for that property. Based on this comparison, it will generate a PASS or FAIL status.

An output value is a value captured during the test run and can be stored in a specified location like
Datable or even a variable. Unlike Checkpoints, no PASS/FAIL status is generated.

To connect to the database you must know

a) connection string of your server

b) username

c) password

d) DNS name

You can code the database connectivity command directly or you can use the SQL Query tool provided.

You can use the Batch testing tool to run multiple scripts. Once the scripts are added in the tool , it
automatically open the scripts and start executing them one after the other.

As of QTP version 10

1) Huge Tests in QTP consume lots of memory and increase CPU utilization.

2) Since QTP stores results in HTML file (and not txt) the result folder sometimes becomes big.

A step when declared optional is not mandatory to be executed. If the corresponding GUI object is QTP
performs the operation on it. If the GUI object is not present, QTP bypasses the optional step and proceeds
to execute the next step.

Reporter.Reportvent is standard method provided by QTP to send custom messages to the test results
Syntax

Reporter.ReportEvent EventStatus, ReportStepName, Details [, ImageFilePath], where

EventStatus = 0 or micPass

1 or micFail

2 or micDone

3 or micWarning

Results can assume any status like Pass , Fail , Warning etc. You can also send screenshot to the test window.

You declare using a DIM keyword. You assign value to the variable using the SET keyword.

Ex. Dim temp 'Will declare the temp variable

Set temp = 20 ' Will assign a value 20 to temp.

GetRoProperty is a standard method provided by QTP to fetch property values of a run -time object

Typically, if even one of the on-screen object property does not match the recorded object property. fails.

In smart identification, QTP does not give an error if the property values do not match, but uses Base
Optional Filter properties to uniquely identify an object. In Smart identification, if a property value match
the script does not fail but it proceeds ahead to compare the next property. Smart identification enabled in
Object Identification Dialog box.

We can make use of the "Generate Script" function available in Object Identification, Test Settings and
Tools/Options tab to create a zip of the script at the source computer. These zip files then can be imported
QTP at the destination computer.

No. You can work with only single instance of QTP on the same machine. But QTP itself can work on
instances of the Application Under Test (AUT). Ex: QTP can handle multiple IE browser windows.

DataTable.ImportSheet "..\..\TestData\Input.xls",1,dtGlobalSheet

DataTable.ExportSheet "..\..\Results\Output.xls","Global"

SetToProperty changes property of an object stored in the Object Repository. However these changes
permanent.

The standard delay is 60 seconds. This is can be changed in Test Settings.

It is an in-built tool provided by QTP to convert Actions into Business Process Components.

The extension is '.QFL'

The test will iterate only once - global iteration.

To prevent system getting locked, any of the two ways can be used

Create a simple vbs file having code to press numlock key and run that vbs file

Edit one registry key “DisableLockWorkstation =1” to disable locking

Descriptive programming includes property name and property value. Whenever UFT is facing difficulty
identifying objects from object repository, and instead the object is directly identified from the script as
descriptive programming.

Descriptive programming includes property name and property value. Whenever UFT is facing difficulty
identifying objects from object repository, and instead the object is directly identified from the script as
descriptive programming.

a) qfl is quick test function library file while vbs is Microsoft’s vbscript

b) qfl is a non-executable file while vbs is an executable file

c) To use file in UFT associate qfl file from test setting, while to include vbs file use “execute file

TSR means Test Shared Repository, it is created to share object repository.

To create TSR file, follow the steps

Open object repository

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Go to file menu

Go to export local objects option and select it

After that, UFT will ask you to store .tsr file. Give the path and save. This will create .tsr file in UFT

To connect with QC, UFT provides the option to connect QC directly from UFT GUI.

a) Go to file menu

b) Select (QC) quality center

c) You will be asked to - Enter QC url

d) Enter user id, password and project

Following above steps will allow you to connect with QC, later on you can execute the tests from QC

In order to ease the process of test automation using UFT, test automation is designed. There are types of
automation frameworks in UFT

• Keyword Driven Framework: It is used when multiple functionality needs to be tested.
• Data Driven Framework: It is used to test same flow with different test data, test data is given more
• importance than multiple functionality of application
• Hybrid Framework: It is a combination of data driven framework and keyword.

Either through object repository or description programming, UFT identifies objects. Descriptive
programming is used in following scenarios

a) It is used to remove duplicate objects. Same objects exists in different screens or windows of application.
If you use OR in this case you have to store same object under different object hierarchy deal with such
situation, descriptive

programming is used

programming is used

b) It is not appropriate in certain scenarios to store the objects inside OR (Object Repository). Suppose you
want to print 100 links on the page, you should not store all links in OR. Instead you should use
Description Programming to access those links.

Settoproperty stands for set test object property. You can use this property to change the object values
runtime. You can edit the property values during the runtime, but the changes that are made are temporary

There are three ways which we can find the count of rows in the table in UFT

a) Using rowcount property of UFT webtable object

b) Using GetROProperty of UFT

c) Using HTML DOM + UFT

To export data-table to excel, there are two methods.

a) DataTable.Export (“C:\export.xls”)

b) DataTable.ExportSheet “C:\mysheet.xls” ( If excel file does not exist, new file is created)

To read a value from the cell, we follow 2 step process

a) We set the row pointer in first step

b) In second step we define the parameter/column name from the sheet to read

There are 3 loops available in UFT

a) Do…..Loop : Do Loop will run a block of statements repeatedly

b) For…..Next : For Next Loop will execute a series of statements until a specific counter value

c) For……Each : In order to execute a series of statements for each statements for each object in “For Each
Loop” is used While….Wend Loop : While Wend Loop is used to execute a series of statements as long as
given condition true

There are three types of error that one will face in UFT

a) Syntax Errors

b) Logical Errors

c) Runtime Errors

There are various ways to handle run time errors

a) Using test settings

b) Using on error statement

c) Using err Object

d) Using Exit Statement

e) Recovery Scenarios

f) Report Object

Exitaction is used when we want to exit from a particular action, while exititeration is used to exit from
particular action iteration of an action.

You can use replace function to remove spaces from string in QTP

Print replace(“ sdsd sd sd s “, “ “,”””)

Output will be sdsdsdsds

Itrim function can be used if only leading spaces from string needs to be removed

Print Itrim(“ sdsd sd s “) à Output will be “sdsd sd s”

You can use rtrim function to remove trailing spaces from string

Print rtrim(“ sdsd sd s ” ) à Output will be “ sdsd sd s”

Code to get the last character of a string in QTP

print right( “junior,1) ‘ à Output will be “r”

75. How to add synchronization points in QTP?

There are 4 ways through which we can add synchronization points in QTP

a) Wait statement : This statement will pause the execution for x seconds until object comes up

b) Wait property : This method will wait until property of object takes particular value

c) Exist statement : This statement will wait until object becomes available

d) Sync method: The code will wait until browser page is completely loaded. For web application method is
used.

Crypt object in QTP is used to encrypt a strings.

Syntax

Crypt.Encrypt(“XXXX”)

In execute file, we can’t debug the statements. With load function library, statements can be debug also
load multiple library files.

The code to find the length of array in QTP is

print (ubound(arr)+1)

Ubound returns the last index in array- so length of array will be +1. This will be total number of elements
array

There are two ways you can call from one action to another action

a) Call to copy of action: In this, the script and data-table, action object repository will be copied destination
Test Script

b) Call to existing Action: In this, script data-table and object repository are not copied instead a reference
would be made to the action in the source script

When running a test, it test fails in opening a dialog box, QTP does not necessarily abort the test run.
passes any step designated “optional” and continues running the test. By default QTP automatically
optional steps that open certain dialog boxes. In order to set an optional step in the keyword, right select
“Optional Step”. The icon for optional step would be added in next step. In the expert view to optional
step, add optional step to the beginning of the VBScript statement.

To specify that all variable must be declared before use in QTP, ‘Option Explicit’ keyword is used.

‘Object Spy’ is a feature in QTP by using which you can view both the test and run time object properties
methods.

In keyword driven automation framework, the focus is mainly on keywords/functions and not the test
means the complete focus is on creating functions which maps the functionality of the application