CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud Computing is Shared Pools Of Configurable Computer System Resources And Higher-level Services That Can Be Rapidly Provisioned With Minimal Management Effort, Often Over The Internet.

1.Do you know what are system integrators?

Systems integrators are the important part of cloud computing platform. It provides the strategy of the
complicated process used to design a cloud platform. It includes well defined architecture to find the
resources and the characteristics which have to be included for cloud computing. Integrators plan the users
cloud strategy implementation. Integrators have knowledge about data center creation and also allow more
accurate private and hybrid cloud creation.

2.What is the requirement of virtualization platforms in implementing cloud?

Virtualization is the basis of the cloud computing and there are many platforms that are available like
VMware is a technology that provides the provision to create private cloud and provide a bridge to connect
external cloud with private cloud. There are three key features that have to be identified to make a private
cloud that is:
• Cloud operating system.
• Manage the Service level policies
• Virtualization keeps the user level and the backend level concepts different from each other so that a
seamless environment can be created between both.

3.Tell me is Cloud Computing an application?

The Cloud Computing is not an application but it is a methodology that deploys application in a custom
fashion on a server. It can be also learned as an advance model of client-server architecture that is highly
flexible, scalable and configurable. This architecture leverages high performance out of machines with quite
an ease of management.

4.What is elasticity?

Elasticity is being one of the characteristic provide the concept of commissioning and decommissioning of
large amount of resource capacity dynamically. It is measured by the speed by which the resources are
coming on demand and the usage of the resources.

5.What is scalability?

Scalability is a characteristic of cloud computing through which increasing workload can be handled by
increasing in proportion the amount of resource capacity. It allows the architecture to provide on demand
resources if the requirement is being raised by the traffic.

6.Explain what is Hypervisor in Cloud Computing and its types?

The hypervisor is a virtual machine monitor (VMM) that manages resources for virtual machines. The
name hypervisor is suggested as it is a supervisory tool for the virtual machines. There are mainly two
types of hypervisors :
Type-1: the guest Vm runs directly over the host hardware, e.g Xen, Hyper-V, VmWare ESXi
Type-2: the guest Vm runs over hardware through a host OS, e.g Kvm, Oracle virtualbox

7.Explain are Type-1 Hypervisors better in performance than Type-2 Hypervisors and Why?

Yes the Type-1 Hypervisors are better in performance as compared to Type-2 hypervisors because Type-1
hypervisors does not run through a host OS, they utilize all resources directly from Host hardware. In
cloud implementation Type-1 hypervisors are used rather than Type-2 because Cloud servers need to run
multiple OS images and it should be noted that if OS images are run on host a OS as in case of Type-2, the
resources will get wasted.

8.Tell me what are the characteristics on which a Cloud Computing Model should be selected for implementing and managing workload?

Scalability is a characteristic of cloud computing through which increasing workload can be handled by
increasing in proportion the amount of resource capacity. It allows the architecture to provide on demand
resources if the requirement is being raised by the traffic. Whereas, elasticity is being one of the
characteristic provide the concept of commissioning and decommissioning of large amount of resource
capacity dynamically. It is measured by the speed by which the resources are coming on demand and the
usage of the resources.

9.Explain what do you understand by CaaS?

CaaS is a terminology given in telecom industry as Communication as a Service. The Voice-over-Ip
(VoIP) follows a same delivery model. CaaS can offer the enterprise user features such as desktop call
control, presence, unified messaging, and desktop faxing. In addition to the enterprise features, CaaS also
has a set of services for contact center automation that includes IVR, ACD, call recording, multimedia
routing (e-mail and text chat), and screen pop integration.

10.Do you know Public Cloud?

These are the platforms which are public means open to the people for use and deployment. For example,
Google, Amazon etc. They focus on a few layers like cloud application, infrastructure providing and
providing platform markets.

11.Do you know Private Cloud?

Organizations choose to build their private cloud as to keep the strategic, operation and other reasons to
themselves and they feel more secure to do it.

12.Do you know Hybrid Clouds?

It is the combination of public and private cloud. It is the most robust approach to implement cloud
architecture as it includes the functionalities and features of both the worlds.

13.Tell me does network topology play an important role in deciding the success of a Cloud Infrastructure?

The network topology plays a vital role in selecting a cloud model and success of that model


Public Cloud
These are the platforms which are public means open to the people for use and deployment. For example,
Google, Amazon etc. They focus on a few layers like cloud application, infrastructure providing and
providing platform markets.


Private Cloud
Organizations choose to build their private cloud as to keep the strategic, operation and other reasons to
themselves and they feel more secure to do it.


Hybrid Clouds
It is the combination of public and private cloud. It is the most robust approach to implement cloud
architecture as it includes the functionalities and features of both the worlds.

14.Explain how is the Cloud Computing different from primitive Client-Server Architecture?

The primitive Client-Server architecture is a one-to-one communication between only two physical
machines namely Client machine and Server machine (datacenter). Whereas the cloud computing,
infrastructure is similar at the client side but varies at server-side. The server-side contains a main Cloud
Controller that forwards the request to its worker machines known as Nodes. These nodes are a grid
computing machines that dedicate all its resources to process application. These nodes are maintained in
clusters. So a cloud computing infrastructure is quite complicated on server side that processes all the
requests from clients and send the result back.

15.Explain what is the minimal requirement to implement an IAAS Cloud?

The minimal requirement to implement are basically three things:
• OS to support hypervisor or a hypervisor.
- Preferably open-source software like Linux and Xen hypervisor
• Networking topology and implementation.
- Public Network or Private network with Level 3 Switch
• Selection of cloud model as per requirement or business.
- SaaS, Software as a Service
- PaaS, Platform as a Service
- CaaS, Communication as a Service

16.Tell me why should one prefer public cloud over private cloud?

The cloud technology is the best example of sustainable technology that utilizes all the computing
resources. If a person needs to setup a quick business and wants to host its website, he need not require to
setup a full-fledged private cloud. Rather he should go for public cloud hosting that provides different
pay-per-use subscriptions, which could actually result in being economical. There are numbers of vendors
that provide such services like godaddy.com etc.

17.Tell me is it cost effective to implement a private cloud rather than a public cloud and why?

It depends on the type of business that demands a cloud setup. Suppose if the subscription on a public
cloud for an application that is to be deployed on OS images is proving to be more costly then to buy some
new datacenters and maintain them. Then obviously the a private cloud has to be setup instead of a public
cloud. This public clouds follow utility billing methodology as electricity bill for example.

18.Describe platforms which are used for large scale cloud computing?

The platforms that are used for large scale cloud computing are:
• Apache Hadoop
• MapReduce

19.What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?

The different deployment models in cloud computing are:
• Private Cloud
• Public Cloud
• Community Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud

20.How user can gain from utility computing in Basic Cloud Computing?

Utility computing allows the user to pay only for what they are using. It is a plug-in managed by an
organization which decides what type of services has to be deployed from the cloud. Most organizations
prefer hybrid strategy.

21.Explain security aspects provided with cloud?

  • Identity management:
  •  Access control:
  • Authentication and Authorization

22.Explain system integrators in Cloud Computing?

In Cloud Computing, systems integrator provides the strategy of the complicated process used to design a
cloud platform. Integrator allows to create more accurate hybrid and private cloud network, as integrators
have all the knowledge about the data center creation.

23.Explain different data centers deployed for cloud computing?

Cloud computing consists of different datacenters like:
• Containerized Datacenters
• Low Density Datacenters

24.Explain three basic clouds in cloud computing?

• Professional cloud
• Personal cloud
• Performance cloud

25.What is Identity management?

It authorizes the application services.

26.Explain different layers in Basic Cloud Computing?

The different layers of cloud computing are:
• SaaS: Software as a Service (SaaS), it provides users access directly to the cloud application without
installing anything on the system.
• IaaS: Infrastructure as a service, it provides the infrastructure in terms of hardware like memory,
processor speed etc.
• PaaS: Platform as a service, it provides cloud application platform for the developers

27.Tell me what are the business benefits involved in cloud architecture?

The benefits involved in cloud architecture is:
• Zero infrastructure investment
• Just in time infrastructure
• More efficient resource utilization

28.Mention the services that are provided by Window Azure Operating System?

Window Azure provides three core services which are given as:
• Compute
• Storage
• Management

29.What is Authentication and Authorization?

Allows only the authorized and authenticated user only to access the data and applications.

30.Explain the importance of platform as a service?

Platform as a Service is an important layer in cloud architecture. It is built on the infrastructure model,
which provides resources like computers, storage and network. This layer includes organizing and operate
the resources provided by the below layer. It is also responsible to provide complete virtualization of the
infrastructure layer to make it look like a single server and keep it hidden from the outside world.

31.Explain the advantages of using cloud computing?

The advantages of using cloud computing are:
• Data backup and storage of data
• Powerful server capabilities
• SaaS ( Software as a service)
• Information technology sandboxing capabilities
• Increase in productivity
• Cost effective & Time saving

32.Explain basic characteristics of cloud computing?

• Elasticity and Scalability
• Self-service provisioning and automatic de-provisioning
• Standardized interfaces
• Billing self service based usage model

33.What is the use of eucalyptus in cloud computing environment?

Eucalyptus stands for “Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking
Your Programs to Useful Systems” and provides an open source software infrastructure to implement
clusters in cloud computing platform. It is used to build private, public and hybrid clouds. It can also
produce your own datacenter into a private cloud and allow you to extend the functionality to many other
organizations. Eucalyptus provides APIs to be used with the web services to cope up with the demand of
resources used in the private clouds.

34.How to gain from utility computing?

Utility computing allow the user to pay per use means whatever they are using only for that they have to
pay. It is a plug in that needs to be managed by the organizations on deciding what type of services has to
be deployed from the cloud. Utility computing allows the user to think and implement the services
according to them. Most organizations go for hybrid strategy that combines internal delivered services that
are hosted or outsourced services.

35.Can you please explain different layers which define cloud architecture?

Cloud computing architecture consists of many layers which help it to be more organized and can be
managed from one place. The layers are as follows:


1. Cloud controller or CLC is the top most level in the hierarchy which is used to manage the virtualized
resources like servers, network and storage with the user APIs.


2. Walrus is used for the storage and act as a storage controller to manage the demands of the users. It
maintains a scalable approach to control the virtual machine images and user data.


3. Cluster Controller or CC is used to control all the virtual machines for executions the virtual machines
are stored on the nodes and manages the virtual networking between Virtual machines and external users.


4. Storage Controller or SC provides a storage area in block form that are dynamically attached by Virtual
machines.


5. Node Controller or NC is at the lowest level and provides the functionality of a hypervisor that controls
the VMs activities, which includes execution, management and termination of many instances.

36.Can you please explain the difference between cloud computing and computing for mobiles?

Mobile cloud computing uses the same concept but it just adds a device of mobile. Cloud computing comes
in action when a task or a data get kept on the internet rather then individual devices. It provides users on
demand access to the data which they have to retrieve. Applications run on the remote server, and then
given to the user to be able to, store and manage it from the mobile platform.

37.What does software as a service provide?

Software as Service is another layer of cloud computing, which provides cloud applications like Google is
doing, it is providing Google docs for the user to save their documents on the cloud and create as well. It
provides the applications to be created on fly without adding or installing any extra software component. It
provides built in software to create wide varieties of applications and documents and share it with other
people online.

38.How important is platform as a service?

Platform as a Service is an important layer in cloud architecture. It is built on the infrastructure model,
which provides resources like computers, storage and network. This layer includes organizing and operate
the resources provided by the below layer. It is also responsible to provide complete virtualization of the
infrastructure layer to make it look like a single server and keep it hidden from the outside world.

39.What resources are provided by infrastructure as a service?

Infrastructure as a Service provides physical and virtual resources that are used to build a cloud.
Infrastructure deals with the complexities of maintaining and deploying of the services provided by this
layer. The infrastructure here is the servers, storage and other hardware systems.

40.What are the different layers of cloud computing?

Cloud computing consists of 3 layers in the hierarchy and these are as follows:
1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides cloud infrastructure in terms of hardware like memory,
processor speed etc.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides cloud application platform for the developers.
3. Software as a Service (SaaS) provides cloud applications which are used by the user directly without
installing anything on the system. The application remains on the cloud and it can be saved and edited in
there only.

41.What is the difference between scalability and elasticity?

Scalability is a characteristic of cloud computing through which increasing workload can be handled by
increasing in proportion the amount of resource capacity. It allows the architecture to provide on demand
resources if the requirement is being raised by the traffic. Whereas, elasticity is being one of the
characteristic provide the concept of commissioning and decommissioning of large amount of resource
capacity dynamically. It is measured by the speed by which the resources are coming on demand and the
usage of the resources.

42.Tell me how does cloud computing provides on-demand functionality?

Cloud computing is a metaphor used for internet. It provides on-demand access to virtualized IT resources
that can be shared by others or subscribed by you. It provides an easy way to provide configurable
resources by taking it from a shared pool. The pool consists of networks, servers, storage, applications and
services.

43.What is Hybrid Clouds?

It is the combination of public and private cloud. It is the most robust approach to implement cloud
architecture as it includes the functionalities and features of both the worlds. It allows organizations to
create their own cloud and allow them to give the control over to someone else as well.

44.What is Containerized Datacenters?

These are the traditional datacenters that allow high level of customization with servers, mainframe and
other resources. It requires planning, cooling, networking and power to access and work.

45.What is Low-Density Datacenters?

These datacenters are optimized to give high performance. In these datacenters the space constraint is
being removed and there is an increased density. It has a drawback that with high density the heat issue
also creeps in. These datacenters are very much suitable to develop the cloud infrastructure.

46.What is the use of API’s in cloud services?

API stands for Application programming interface is very useful in cloud platforms as it allows easy
implementation of it on the system. It removes the need to write full fledged programs. It provides the
instructions to make the communication between one or more applications. It also allows easy to create
application with ease and link the cloud services with other systems.

47.What are the different modes of software as a service?

Software as a Service provides cloud application platform on which user can create application with the tools
provided. The modes of software as a service are defined as:
1. Simple multi-tenancy: in this each user has its own resources that are different from other users. It is an
inefficient mode where the user has to put more time and money to add more infrastructure if the demand
rises in less time to deliver.

2. Fine grain multi-tenancy: in this the functionality remains the same that the resources can be shared to
many. But it is more efficient as the resources are shared not the data and permission within an application.

48.What is the security aspects provided with cloud?

Security is one of the major aspects which come with any application and service used by the user.
Companies or organizations remain much more concerned with the security provided with the cloud. There
are many levels of security which has to be provided within cloud environment such as:


1. Identity management: it authorizes the application service or hardware component to be used by
authorized users.


2. Access control: permissions has to be provided to the users so that they can control the access of other
users who are entering the in the cloud environment.


3. Authorization and authentication: provision should be made to allow the authorized and authenticated
people only to access and change the applications and data.

49.What is the difference between traditional datacenters and cloud?

Cloud computing uses the concept of datacenter as it is the datacenter is based on the tradition one so the
difference between them are as follows:
1. Cost of the traditional datacenter is higher, due to heating issues and other hardware/software related
issues but this is not the case with the cloud computing infrastructure.

2. It gets scaled when the demand increases. Most of the cost is being spent on the maintenance being
performed on the datacenters, whereas cloud platform requires minimum maintenance and not very expert
hand to handle them.

50.Tell me what are the different datacenters deployed for this?

Cloud computing is made up of various datacenters put together in a grid form. It consists of different
datacenters like:


1. Containerized Datacenters:
These are the traditional datacenters that allow high level of customization with servers, mainframe and
other resources. It requires planning, cooling, networking and power to access and work.


2. Low-Density Datacenters:
These datacenters are optimized to give high performance. In these datacenters the space constraint is
being removed and there is an increased density. It has a drawback that with high density the heat issue
also creeps in. These datacenters are very much suitable to develop the cloud infrastructure.

51.What do you understand from VPN?

VPN stands for virtual private network; it is a private cloud which manages the security of the data during
the transport in the cloud environment. VPN allows an organization to make a public network as private
network and use it to transfer files and other resources on a network.

52.Whether the test plans built using JMeter are OS dependent?

Usually, test plan are saved in their XML format, so there is nothing to do with any particular O.S. It can be
run on any OS where JMeter can run.