Cloud Computing is Shared Pools Of Configurable Computer System Resources And Higher-level Services That Can Be Rapidly Provisioned With Minimal Management Effort, Often Over The Internet.
1.Do you know what are system integrators?
Systems integrators are the important part of cloud computing platform. It provides the strategy of thecomplicated process used to design a cloud platform. It includes well defined architecture to find theresources and the characteristics which have to be included for cloud computing. Integrators plan the userscloud strategy implementation. Integrators have knowledge about data center creation and also allow moreaccurate private and hybrid cloud creation.
2.What is the requirement of virtualization platforms in implementing cloud?
Virtualization is the basis of the cloud computing and there are many platforms that are available likeVMware is a technology that provides the provision to create private cloud and provide a bridge to connectexternal cloud with private cloud. There are three key features that have to be identified to make a privatecloud that is:• Cloud operating system.• Manage the Service level policies• Virtualization keeps the user level and the backend level concepts different from each other so that aseamless environment can be created between both.
3.Tell me is Cloud Computing an application?
The Cloud Computing is not an application but it is a methodology that deploys application in a customfashion on a server. It can be also learned as an advance model of client-server architecture that is highlyflexible, scalable and configurable. This architecture leverages high performance out of machines with quitean ease of management.
4.What is elasticity?
Elasticity is being one of the characteristic provide the concept of commissioning and decommissioning oflarge amount of resource capacity dynamically. It is measured by the speed by which the resources arecoming on demand and the usage of the resources.
5.What is scalability?
Scalability is a characteristic of cloud computing through which increasing workload can be handled byincreasing in proportion the amount of resource capacity. It allows the architecture to provide on demandresources if the requirement is being raised by the traffic.
6.Explain what is Hypervisor in Cloud Computing and its types?
The hypervisor is a virtual machine monitor (VMM) that manages resources for virtual machines. Thename hypervisor is suggested as it is a supervisory tool for the virtual machines. There are mainly twotypes of hypervisors :Type-1: the guest Vm runs directly over the host hardware, e.g Xen, Hyper-V, VmWare ESXiType-2: the guest Vm runs over hardware through a host OS, e.g Kvm, Oracle virtualbox
7.Explain are Type-1 Hypervisors better in performance than Type-2 Hypervisors and Why?
Yes the Type-1 Hypervisors are better in performance as compared to Type-2 hypervisors because Type-1hypervisors does not run through a host OS, they utilize all resources directly from Host hardware. Incloud implementation Type-1 hypervisors are used rather than Type-2 because Cloud servers need to runmultiple OS images and it should be noted that if OS images are run on host a OS as in case of Type-2, theresources will get wasted.
8.Tell me what are the characteristics on which a Cloud Computing Model should be selected for implementing and managing workload?
Scalability is a characteristic of cloud computing through which increasing workload can be handled byincreasing in proportion the amount of resource capacity. It allows the architecture to provide on demandresources if the requirement is being raised by the traffic. Whereas, elasticity is being one of thecharacteristic provide the concept of commissioning and decommissioning of large amount of resourcecapacity dynamically. It is measured by the speed by which the resources are coming on demand and theusage of the resources.
9.Explain what do you understand by CaaS?
CaaS is a terminology given in telecom industry as Communication as a Service. The Voice-over-Ip(VoIP) follows a same delivery model. CaaS can offer the enterprise user features such as desktop callcontrol, presence, unified messaging, and desktop faxing. In addition to the enterprise features, CaaS alsohas a set of services for contact center automation that includes IVR, ACD, call recording, multimediarouting (e-mail and text chat), and screen pop integration.
10.Do you know Public Cloud?
These are the platforms which are public means open to the people for use and deployment. For example,Google, Amazon etc. They focus on a few layers like cloud application, infrastructure providing andproviding platform markets.
11.Do you know Private Cloud?
Organizations choose to build their private cloud as to keep the strategic, operation and other reasons tothemselves and they feel more secure to do it.
12.Do you know Hybrid Clouds?
It is the combination of public and private cloud. It is the most robust approach to implement cloudarchitecture as it includes the functionalities and features of both the worlds.
13.Tell me does network topology play an important role in deciding the success of a Cloud Infrastructure?
The network topology plays a vital role in selecting a cloud model and success of that model
Public CloudThese are the platforms which are public means open to the people for use and deployment. For example,Google, Amazon etc. They focus on a few layers like cloud application, infrastructure providing andproviding platform markets.
Private CloudOrganizations choose to build their private cloud as to keep the strategic, operation and other reasons tothemselves and they feel more secure to do it.
Hybrid CloudsIt is the combination of public and private cloud. It is the most robust approach to implement cloudarchitecture as it includes the functionalities and features of both the worlds.
14.Explain how is the Cloud Computing different from primitive Client-Server Architecture?
The primitive Client-Server architecture is a one-to-one communication between only two physicalmachines namely Client machine and Server machine (datacenter). Whereas the cloud computing,infrastructure is similar at the client side but varies at server-side. The server-side contains a main CloudController that forwards the request to its worker machines known as Nodes. These nodes are a gridcomputing machines that dedicate all its resources to process application. These nodes are maintained inclusters. So a cloud computing infrastructure is quite complicated on server side that processes all therequests from clients and send the result back.
15.Explain what is the minimal requirement to implement an IAAS Cloud?
The minimal requirement to implement are basically three things:• OS to support hypervisor or a hypervisor.- Preferably open-source software like Linux and Xen hypervisor• Networking topology and implementation.- Public Network or Private network with Level 3 Switch• Selection of cloud model as per requirement or business.- SaaS, Software as a Service- PaaS, Platform as a Service- CaaS, Communication as a Service
16.Tell me why should one prefer public cloud over private cloud?
The cloud technology is the best example of sustainable technology that utilizes all the computingresources. If a person needs to setup a quick business and wants to host its website, he need not require tosetup a full-fledged private cloud. Rather he should go for public cloud hosting that provides differentpay-per-use subscriptions, which could actually result in being economical. There are numbers of vendorsthat provide such services like godaddy.com etc.
17.Tell me is it cost effective to implement a private cloud rather than a public cloud and why?
It depends on the type of business that demands a cloud setup. Suppose if the subscription on a publiccloud for an application that is to be deployed on OS images is proving to be more costly then to buy somenew datacenters and maintain them. Then obviously the a private cloud has to be setup instead of a publiccloud. This public clouds follow utility billing methodology as electricity bill for example.
18.Describe platforms which are used for large scale cloud computing?
The platforms that are used for large scale cloud computing are:• Apache Hadoop• MapReduce
19.What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
The different deployment models in cloud computing are:• Private Cloud• Public Cloud• Community Cloud• Hybrid Cloud
20.How user can gain from utility computing in Basic Cloud Computing?
Utility computing allows the user to pay only for what they are using. It is a plug-in managed by anorganization which decides what type of services has to be deployed from the cloud. Most organizationsprefer hybrid strategy.
21.Explain security aspects provided with cloud?
22.Explain system integrators in Cloud Computing?
In Cloud Computing, systems integrator provides the strategy of the complicated process used to design acloud platform. Integrator allows to create more accurate hybrid and private cloud network, as integratorshave all the knowledge about the data center creation.
23.Explain different data centers deployed for cloud computing?
Cloud computing consists of different datacenters like:• Containerized Datacenters• Low Density Datacenters
24.Explain three basic clouds in cloud computing?
• Professional cloud• Personal cloud• Performance cloud
25.What is Identity management?
It authorizes the application services.
26.Explain different layers in Basic Cloud Computing?
The different layers of cloud computing are:• SaaS: Software as a Service (SaaS), it provides users access directly to the cloud application withoutinstalling anything on the system.• IaaS: Infrastructure as a service, it provides the infrastructure in terms of hardware like memory,processor speed etc.• PaaS: Platform as a service, it provides cloud application platform for the developers
27.Tell me what are the business benefits involved in cloud architecture?
The benefits involved in cloud architecture is:• Zero infrastructure investment• Just in time infrastructure• More efficient resource utilization
28.Mention the services that are provided by Window Azure Operating System?
Window Azure provides three core services which are given as:• Compute• Storage• Management
29.What is Authentication and Authorization?
Allows only the authorized and authenticated user only to access the data and applications.
30.Explain the importance of platform as a service?
Platform as a Service is an important layer in cloud architecture. It is built on the infrastructure model,which provides resources like computers, storage and network. This layer includes organizing and operatethe resources provided by the below layer. It is also responsible to provide complete virtualization of theinfrastructure layer to make it look like a single server and keep it hidden from the outside world.
31.Explain the advantages of using cloud computing?
The advantages of using cloud computing are:• Data backup and storage of data• Powerful server capabilities• SaaS ( Software as a service)• Information technology sandboxing capabilities• Increase in productivity• Cost effective & Time saving
32.Explain basic characteristics of cloud computing?
• Elasticity and Scalability• Self-service provisioning and automatic de-provisioning• Standardized interfaces• Billing self service based usage model
33.What is the use of eucalyptus in cloud computing environment?
Eucalyptus stands for “Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for LinkingYour Programs to Useful Systems” and provides an open source software infrastructure to implementclusters in cloud computing platform. It is used to build private, public and hybrid clouds. It can alsoproduce your own datacenter into a private cloud and allow you to extend the functionality to many otherorganizations. Eucalyptus provides APIs to be used with the web services to cope up with the demand ofresources used in the private clouds.
34.How to gain from utility computing?
Utility computing allow the user to pay per use means whatever they are using only for that they have topay. It is a plug in that needs to be managed by the organizations on deciding what type of services has tobe deployed from the cloud. Utility computing allows the user to think and implement the servicesaccording to them. Most organizations go for hybrid strategy that combines internal delivered services thatare hosted or outsourced services.
35.Can you please explain different layers which define cloud architecture?
Cloud computing architecture consists of many layers which help it to be more organized and can bemanaged from one place. The layers are as follows:
1. Cloud controller or CLC is the top most level in the hierarchy which is used to manage the virtualizedresources like servers, network and storage with the user APIs.
2. Walrus is used for the storage and act as a storage controller to manage the demands of the users. Itmaintains a scalable approach to control the virtual machine images and user data.
3. Cluster Controller or CC is used to control all the virtual machines for executions the virtual machinesare stored on the nodes and manages the virtual networking between Virtual machines and external users.
4. Storage Controller or SC provides a storage area in block form that are dynamically attached by Virtualmachines.
5. Node Controller or NC is at the lowest level and provides the functionality of a hypervisor that controlsthe VMs activities, which includes execution, management and termination of many instances.
36.Can you please explain the difference between cloud computing and computing for mobiles?
Mobile cloud computing uses the same concept but it just adds a device of mobile. Cloud computing comesin action when a task or a data get kept on the internet rather then individual devices. It provides users ondemand access to the data which they have to retrieve. Applications run on the remote server, and thengiven to the user to be able to, store and manage it from the mobile platform.
37.What does software as a service provide?
Software as Service is another layer of cloud computing, which provides cloud applications like Google isdoing, it is providing Google docs for the user to save their documents on the cloud and create as well. Itprovides the applications to be created on fly without adding or installing any extra software component. Itprovides built in software to create wide varieties of applications and documents and share it with otherpeople online.
38.How important is platform as a service?
39.What resources are provided by infrastructure as a service?
Infrastructure as a Service provides physical and virtual resources that are used to build a cloud.Infrastructure deals with the complexities of maintaining and deploying of the services provided by thislayer. The infrastructure here is the servers, storage and other hardware systems.
40.What are the different layers of cloud computing?
Cloud computing consists of 3 layers in the hierarchy and these are as follows:1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides cloud infrastructure in terms of hardware like memory,processor speed etc.2. Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides cloud application platform for the developers.3. Software as a Service (SaaS) provides cloud applications which are used by the user directly withoutinstalling anything on the system. The application remains on the cloud and it can be saved and edited inthere only.
41.What is the difference between scalability and elasticity?
42.Tell me how does cloud computing provides on-demand functionality?
Cloud computing is a metaphor used for internet. It provides on-demand access to virtualized IT resourcesthat can be shared by others or subscribed by you. It provides an easy way to provide configurableresources by taking it from a shared pool. The pool consists of networks, servers, storage, applications andservices.
43.What is Hybrid Clouds?
It is the combination of public and private cloud. It is the most robust approach to implement cloudarchitecture as it includes the functionalities and features of both the worlds. It allows organizations tocreate their own cloud and allow them to give the control over to someone else as well.
44.What is Containerized Datacenters?
These are the traditional datacenters that allow high level of customization with servers, mainframe andother resources. It requires planning, cooling, networking and power to access and work.
45.What is Low-Density Datacenters?
These datacenters are optimized to give high performance. In these datacenters the space constraint isbeing removed and there is an increased density. It has a drawback that with high density the heat issuealso creeps in. These datacenters are very much suitable to develop the cloud infrastructure.
46.What is the use of API’s in cloud services?
API stands for Application programming interface is very useful in cloud platforms as it allows easyimplementation of it on the system. It removes the need to write full fledged programs. It provides theinstructions to make the communication between one or more applications. It also allows easy to createapplication with ease and link the cloud services with other systems.
47.What are the different modes of software as a service?
Software as a Service provides cloud application platform on which user can create application with the toolsprovided. The modes of software as a service are defined as:1. Simple multi-tenancy: in this each user has its own resources that are different from other users. It is aninefficient mode where the user has to put more time and money to add more infrastructure if the demandrises in less time to deliver.
2. Fine grain multi-tenancy: in this the functionality remains the same that the resources can be shared tomany. But it is more efficient as the resources are shared not the data and permission within an application.
48.What is the security aspects provided with cloud?
Security is one of the major aspects which come with any application and service used by the user.Companies or organizations remain much more concerned with the security provided with the cloud. Thereare many levels of security which has to be provided within cloud environment such as:
1. Identity management: it authorizes the application service or hardware component to be used byauthorized users.
2. Access control: permissions has to be provided to the users so that they can control the access of otherusers who are entering the in the cloud environment.
3. Authorization and authentication: provision should be made to allow the authorized and authenticatedpeople only to access and change the applications and data.
49.What is the difference between traditional datacenters and cloud?
Cloud computing uses the concept of datacenter as it is the datacenter is based on the tradition one so thedifference between them are as follows:1. Cost of the traditional datacenter is higher, due to heating issues and other hardware/software relatedissues but this is not the case with the cloud computing infrastructure.
2. It gets scaled when the demand increases. Most of the cost is being spent on the maintenance beingperformed on the datacenters, whereas cloud platform requires minimum maintenance and not very experthand to handle them.
50.Tell me what are the different datacenters deployed for this?
Cloud computing is made up of various datacenters put together in a grid form. It consists of differentdatacenters like:
1. Containerized Datacenters:These are the traditional datacenters that allow high level of customization with servers, mainframe andother resources. It requires planning, cooling, networking and power to access and work.
2. Low-Density Datacenters:These datacenters are optimized to give high performance. In these datacenters the space constraint isbeing removed and there is an increased density. It has a drawback that with high density the heat issuealso creeps in. These datacenters are very much suitable to develop the cloud infrastructure.
51.What do you understand from VPN?
VPN stands for virtual private network; it is a private cloud which manages the security of the data duringthe transport in the cloud environment. VPN allows an organization to make a public network as privatenetwork and use it to transfer files and other resources on a network.
52.Whether the test plans built using JMeter are OS dependent?
Usually, test plan are saved in their XML format, so there is nothing to do with any particular O.S. It can berun on any OS where JMeter can run.